Edinburgh Old Town

A brief history of Old Town Edinburgh

The Old Town is over 1,000 years old, making it the oldest part of Edinburgh. The city developed on an unusual landscape consisting of a rocky hill and a tapering ridge running downhill. On the hilltop, dominating the city's skyline is the imposing Edinburgh Castle which dates to the reign of King David I (1124–1153). Throughout the centuries, the castle has been a military garrison, royal residence, and penitentiary. Evidence shows it's one of most attacked fortresses in the world.

The rest of the medieval town slowly developed down the ridge, ending at the 12th century Holyrood Abbey at the foot of the hill. Edinburgh was the capital of Scotland in the 1500s. By the time Mary, Queen of Scots was born in 1542, the unique layout of wynds and side streets between tall, narrow tenements was well-established.

What are the highlights of Old Town?

Edinburgh's Old Town is an alluring destination all year round. Start your day by climbing stone steps to the world-famous Edinburgh Castle. The panoramic views from the top are extraordinary. Don't miss the long-standing tradition of the 1 pm gun, fired every day except Sundays, Good Friday, and Christmas Day. As you descend the Royal Mile and into the historic labyrinth, you can see the city's most significant landmarks.

Visit the 6-floor Camera Obscura and enjoy clever optical illusions, kaleidoscopes, plasma domes and other ingenious devices. Admire the magnificent architecture, a vaulted ceiling, and an ornate tomb at St Giles' Cathedral. Browse the cute shops on the picturesque Victoria Street – said to have inspired Diagon Alley in the Harry Potter books. 

Relive Scotland's fascinating history at the National Museum of Scotland or discover Edinburgh's medical achievements at the Surgeons' Hall Museums. On a tour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse – the official Royal Residence in Edinburgh – you get to see the State Apartments, Throne Room, and Palace Gardens.

Good to know about Edinburgh Old Town

If you're visiting the Old Town on a budget, there are inexpensive things to do and see. The National Museum of Scotland and Writers' Museum offer free entrance. There are many donation-based walking tours to choose from, including a Harry Potter-themed tour.  

When the sun is out, head to one of Edinburgh's green spaces and have a picnic on manicured lawns. Princes Street Gardens and Inverleith Park are great options. If you want to walk a bit more, head to the top of Arthur's Seat. It takes about 45 minutes, and the views of the city and castle looming in the distance are phenomenal. The path starts from the carpark behind Holyrood Palace. 

If you visit the city in August, you can enjoy the thrilling Edinburgh Fringe Festival. It's the world's largest arts festival, and the experience will be second to none. Take note that bars, restaurants, public transportation, and streets get very busy during this time.